Useful links: https://blog.g0tmi1k.com/2011/08/basic-linux-privilege-escalation/
Users
Gather user context information:
Copy id
uid = 1000 ( student ) gid = 1000 ( student ) groups = 1000 ( student ) Enumerate users:
Hostname
We can discover the hostname with the aptly-named hostname command:
Operating System Version and Architecture
Extract the name of the operating system, its version and architecture:
Copy cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 9 \n \l
cat /etc/*-release
PRETTY_NAME = "Debian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)"
NAME = "Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID = "9"
VERSION = "9 (stretch)"
ID = debian
...
uname -a
Linux debian 4.9 .0-6-686 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.82-1+deb9u3 (2018-03-02) i686 GNU/Linux Running Processes and Services
List system processes (including those run by privileged users):
Copy ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.6 28032 6256 Ss Nov07 0 :03 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 S Nov07 0 :00 [kthreadd]
root 254 0.0 0.9 54536 9924 Ssl Nov07 1 :45 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd
... Networking Information
List the TCP/IP configuration of every network adapter:
Display network routing tables:
Copy /sbin/route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens192
10.11.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens224
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens192 Display active network connections and listening ports:
Copy ss -anp
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
...
tcp LISTEN 0 80 127.0 .0.1:3306 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
tcp ESTAB 0 48852 10.11 .0.128:22 10.11 .0.4:52804
... Scheduled Tasks
List scheduled tasks:
Copy ls -lah /etc/cron*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 722 Oct 7 2017 /etc/crontab
/etc/cron.d
/etc/cron.daily
/etc/cron.hourly
/etc/cron.monthly
/etc/cron.weekly These tasks should be inspected carefully for insecure file permissions as most jobs in this particular file will run as root:
Copy cat /etc/crontab
...
SHELL = /bin/sh
PATH = /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# m h dom mon dow user command
17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
5 0 * * * root /var/scripts/user_backups.sh Installed Applications and Patch Levels
List applications installed (by dpkg):
Copy student@debian:~$ dpkg -l
|| / Name Version Architecture Description
+++- ===================-=================-=============-=============================
ii acl 2.2 .52-3+b1 i386 Access control list utilities
ii adduser 3.115 all add and remove users and grou
ii adwaita-icon-theme 3.22 .0-1+deb9u1 all default icon theme of GNOME
ii alsa-utils 1.1 .3-1 i386 Utilities for configuring and
... Readable / Writable Files and Directories
Searching for every directory writable by the current user on the target system:
Copy student@debian:~$ find / -writable -type d 2> /dev/null
/usr/local/james/bin
/usr/local/james/bin/lib
/proc/16195/task/16195/fd
/proc/16195/fd
... Unmounted Disks
List all mounted filesystems. In addition, the /etc/fstab file lists all drives that will be mounted at boot time:
View all available disks:
Copy /bin/lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2 :0 1 4 K 0 disk
sda 8 :0 0 5 G 0 disk
├─sda1 8 :1 0 4.7 G 0 part /
├─sda2 8 :2 0 1 K 0 part
└─sda5 8 :5 0 334 M 0 part [SWAP] Device Drivers and Kernel Modules
Enumerate the loaded kernel modules:
Copy lsmod
Module Size Used by
fuse 90112 3
appletalk 32768 0
ax25 49152 0
... Find out more about the specific module.
Copy /sbin/modinfo libata
filename: /lib/modules/4.9.0-6-686/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko
version: 3.00
license: GPL
description: Library module for ATA devices
author: Jeff Garzik
srcversion: 7 D8076C4A3FEBA6219DD851
depends: scsi_mod
retpoline: Y
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.9 .0-6-686 SMP mod_unload modversions 686
parm: zpodd_poweroff_delay:Poweroff delay for ZPODD in seconds (int)
... Binaries that AutoElevate
If a binary has the SUID bit set and the file is owned by root, any local user will be able to execute that binary with elevated privileges.
Search for SUID-marked binaries:
Copy find / -perm -u=s -type f 2> /dev/null
/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/usr/lib/xorg/Xorg.wrap
/usr/sbin/userhelper
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/sudo
...